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Are Tall people more at risk
from injuries?
Just being tall does not put you
at an increased risk for sports-related injuries or arthritis, rather
other factors come into play.
1. Tallness can increase the stress on joints. By simple mechanics, tall
people place increased stress on their joints. "It's easier to use a
wrench with a long handle because you have a mechanical advantage," says
Dr. Schmalzried. "When people are tall, the forces can be quite high
because there is a larger distance between the chest and knee. If the
weight of the torso is high, because there is a bigger lever arm, there
are higher stresses around the knees than for someone who is shorter."
When people are tall and not overweight, the forces applied to their
joints are still high but proportionate, because the surface area of their
joints is proportionately larger and the load is evenly distributed. When
tall patients lose weight, the loss really reduces the stresses on their
joints.
2. Plan appropriately for implant size. When surgery is necessary for tall
patients, surgeons must make sure they have implants that will fit the
patient's larger bone structure. "You want to be able to get their bone
size correctly measured so the prosthesis you have will fit them," says
Dr. Schmalzried. "Most of the time, it's taken for granted that one of the
general implant options will fit your patient because most patients fall
within the average, bell-shaped curve – but there are exceptions!"
The same is true for smaller patients, he says. If the implant is too big
or too small, it could cause complications, and additional surgeries may
be necessary.
3. Height doesn't factor into arthritis development. Tall patients may
think that they are at an increased risk of developing arthritis later in
life, but there aren't any studies that currently support the correlation.
However, there are studies that show a correlation between sustaining
sports-related injuries or being overweight and developing joint
arthritis. "If you're tall and overweight, it's more likely that the
overweight part caused the additional wear on the joints," says Dr.
Schmalzried.
Many competitive athletes are on the taller end of the spectrum, and
athletes are known to develop arthritis in their joints, but this
condition isn't necessarily due to their height or participation in
sports. It's more likely that a specific trauma to the joint, such as an
ACL tear, caused early onset arthritis. "Simply having been a football
player doesn't put you at increased risk for arthritis," he says. "But
when you look at very big people who might have been athletes, the
likelihood that they've had ad significant trauma to a knee or hip is
pretty high."
4. Genetic predisposition for disorders may not relate to height. There
are several genetic reasons why a patient might be predisposed to an
orthopedic condition, but height isn't one of them. A tall person, such as
a former professional basketball player that Dr. Schmalzried has worked
with, might also have a condition that advances osteoarthritis, such as
hip dysplasia. "Hip dysplasia is more common among small women than men,
but people like this tall male basketball player can also have it," he
says. "In hip dysplasia, the socket is a little too small for their
femoral head, and the joint wears out prematurely."
However, playing competitive sports could enhance this condition and speed
up its effects. Competitive athletes are constantly putting a great amount
of stress on their joints, and if they are predisposed for osteoarthritis
it could occur at a younger age for them. "As an analogy, tires are
supposed to go so many miles, but if the left front tire is out of
alignment, the mechanical environment isn't going to work and that tire
will wear out prematurely," he says. "In a similar way, arthritis usually
occurs because the mechanical environment of the hip or knee isn't quite
right and that's why the joint wears out prematurely. If you are a
competitive athlete, you have a greater total mileage on your joints than
average people
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